Skincare Glossary

Caffeine

Caffeine can help reduce the appearance of under-eye puffiness and dark circles, and it may also help strengthen the delicate skin around the eyes. Caffeine is a fantastic topical ingredient for reducing swelling and improving circulation in the skin, making it a vital ingredient for under-eye bags. Caffeine is also a powerful antioxidant. It destroys free radicals that cause fine lines and wrinkles. There are also studies indicating that caffeine helps in the production of collagen and elastin. Brightening Eye Contour Serum Caffeine 5% + Green Tea

 

Niacinamide

Niacinamide is a derivative of vitamin B3 and supports the skin's renewal process. This vitamin B3 derivative is rich in antioxidants that protect the skin against free radicals, which prevents premature skin aging. It stimulates lipid production and the skin's ability to produce collagen and elastin. The result is firmer, smoother, and more elastic skin. The appearance of fine lines is reduced with regular use. Niacinamide contributes to the development of your skin's protective barrier, which helps retain skin moisture. This is especially beneficial if you have very dry or mature skin. It minimizes redness and blemishes. Niacinamide helps alleviate redness caused by eczema, acne, and other skin conditions. It minimizes the appearance of pores. As a secondary benefit of keeping the skin smooth and hydrated, a natural reduction in pore size is observed over time. The benefits of moisture retention are not just for those with dry skin types. Niacinamide also helps regulate the amount of sebum produced by oil glands and prevents overproduction. Niacinamide can also protect the skin from damage caused by ultraviolet rays. It lightens dark spots and evens out skin tone. Some research has found that Niacinamide can help in brightening dark spots. This benefit may stem from increased collagen production. It minimizes fine lines and wrinkles. Research has also found that Niacinamide helps reduce some signs that come with aging. This includes fine lines and wrinkles. It protects the skin against oxidative stress. Niacinamide protects the skin from environmental stressors such as sunlight, pollution, and toxins. It eliminates acne. Niacinamide can be useful for severe acne, especially for inflammatory forms such as papules and pustules. Over time, you may see fewer lesions and improved skin texture.

 

Camellia sinensis Leaf Extract / Green Tea Extract

Like green tea, green tea extract is a wonderful source of antioxidants. A study conducted on 10 people revealed that applying a cream containing green tea extract to the skin for 60 days resulted in an increase in skin elasticity. It has also been shown that adding green tea extract to cosmetic products benefits the skin by providing a moisturizing effect. Green tea extract is rich in antioxidants called catechins, which have been shown to increase antioxidant capacity and provide protection against oxidative stress. Antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress by fighting cell damage caused by free radicals. This prevents signs of aging. Green Tea extract is a natural brightener; it supports the renewal of skin cells, reduces eye puffiness, and challenges dark spots and discoloration.

 

Retinol

Retinol helps smooth the skin, reduces the appearance of hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and wrinkles, improves skin hydration, and eliminates acne. It prevents wrinkles. It not only corrects your existing fine lines and wrinkles but also minimizes the formation of new ones. It brightens dull skin. It exfoliates the skin at a cellular level, revealing brighter, smoother, and literally newer skin. It treats acne. Not only does it regulate oily skin, but it also prevents pores from clogging, leading to fewer blackheads, cysts, and breakouts. It lightens dark spots. Over time, it evens out your skin, fading sun spots, acne scars, hyperpigmentation, and dark spots. Since retinol stimulates the cell cycle that increases collagen and elastin production, it helps plump your skin, unclog and shrink pores, and clear dark spots and redness. Caution! Retinol works by removing dead cells from the skin, thus accelerating the skin's renewal process. However, this exfoliation process can also cause the skin to flake and thin. Therefore, using products containing AHA/BHA at the same time when using products containing retinol (retinol serum) can irritate the skin. Additionally, because the skin thins, it becomes sensitive to the sun and therefore must be used in conjunction with sunscreen.

 

Squalene

Squalene is one of many natural lipids your body produces to lubricate and protect your skin, much like sebum. Squalane is a good moisturizer, soothing, non-irritating, and non-comedogenic. It leaves the skin feeling hydrated, plump, and soft. Squalane is suitable for ALL skin types: dry, sensitive, oily, and acne-prone. Using squalane in skincare can reduce wrinkles, fade scars, reverse UV damage, lighten freckles, and prevent skin pigmentation while fighting free radicals.

 

Jojoba Oil

Jojoba Oil contains many essential fatty acids, powerful antioxidants, and vitamins. Jojoba Oil is naturally gentle and non-irritating, making it essentially perfect for every skin type; it balances oily skin, soothes sensitive skin, hydrates dry skin, and even helps with acne and stretch marks. Jojoba oil is a highly effective natural moisturizer. It is used on the face and neck as part of a best skincare routine. It works for all skin types and is great for nourishing, hydrating, and soothing the skin.

 

Tocopherol/Vitamin E

They prevent oxidative damage in cells by helping to neutralize free radicals. Vitamin E fights free radicals in the skin that result from daily environmental stressors like unprotected sun exposure and air pollution. By fighting free radicals, Vitamin E helps protect the skin from damage.

 

Acetyl Hexapeptide-8/Argireline

Argireline is known as needle-free Botox. It relaxes expression lines on the forehead, around the eyes, and at the corners of the lips. Argireline stimulates collagen production. By increasing the production of collagen, the protein responsible for firm and healthy skin, it also helps prevent the formation of fine lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin retain moisture. Argireline also optimizes collagen function, which improves moisture levels in the skin. And hydrated skin always looks younger than dry skin.

 

Copper Palmitoyl Heptapeptide-14/ Copper Peptide

Peptides are excellent moisturizers and can support collagen production, which reduces fine lines and wrinkles. Research has shown that copper peptide promotes the production of collagen and elastin in your skin. It also acts as an antioxidant and supports the production of glycosaminoglycans (such as hyaluronic acid). In addition to increased collagen production, it is said that copper peptides help increase elastin proteins. This can help create firmer and smoother skin.

 

Alpha Arbutin

Alpha Arbutin reduces the appearance of blemishes and hyperpigmentation. Alpha Arbutin is much more powerful than Arbutin or Beta Arbutin. Alpha arbutin works by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, which limits melanin production in your skin. Less tyrosine and less melanin lead to less pigmentation, dark spots, and a more even skin tone. Whether it's age spots, acne scars, or post-blemish redness, alpha arbutin minimizes them all. It improves uneven skin: Since Arbutin inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme that helps with melanin production, it can prevent dark spots and even help fade them, leading to a more even skin tone. It has sun protection properties: By blocking tyrosinase production, Arbutin can reduce the degree of skin darkening after sun exposure.

 

Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract

The official name of the licorice plant is Glycyrrhiza glabra root. Glycyrrhizin is anti-inflammatory, which means less redness and irritation for inflamed, irritated skin. As an antioxidant, it protects our skin against free radicals. It inhibits the production of enzymes required to produce melanin (pigment) in the skin, helps remove excess melanin, and provides anti-inflammatory benefits. Research has found that a skin-brightening compound found in licorice root called liquiritin can help lighten spots. Licorice root slows the production of dark pigments, which reduces hyperpigmentation.

 

Peptide Complex

Peptides are excellent moisturizers and can support collagen production, which reduces fine lines and wrinkles.

 

Hyaluronic Acid

With types of hyaluronic acid that have different properties and molecular sizes, it creates a three-dimensional network to moisturize the skin and penetrates into different layers of the skin. By providing multi-dimensional hydration to the skin, it is effective in helping it gain elasticity. Hyaluronic acid is critical for maintaining skin moisture. When applied topically, it helps hydrate the skin and, as a humectant, helps maintain that hydration. Just a single gram of hyaluronic acid has the capacity to hold up to six liters of water.

 

Zinc PCA

Zinc PCA is a trace element but is different from zinc. PCA stands for Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Zinc PCA has been shown to be very effective in treating acne and breakouts. It can help reduce redness and sebum secretion and supports the skin's overall healing process. PCA is an amino acid derivative that is also naturally found in the skin and is part of the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF). Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) is known for its special substances that can bind water. In this case, PCA salts can bind water in the skin and reduce transepidermal water loss. Zinc PCA provides the benefits of PCA along with the benefits of zinc. Its sebum-regulating and antimicrobial properties make Zinc PCA especially useful for acne-prone oily skin. Combination skin also benefits from the combination of its moisture-binding and sebum-reducing properties. In addition to its many benefits for acne-prone skin, zinc ions are known to protect the skin against the degradation of collagen by UV rays, which prevent skin aging.

 

3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid/Stabilized Vitamin C

Ethyl ascorbic acid is an etherified derivative of ascorbic acid that is soluble in both water and oil. Because it contains an ethyl group attached to the third carbon position, it is one of the most stable forms of Vitamin C known, allowing it to penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin without causing irritation. 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid is stable against oxidation and resistant to discoloration. This reduces the possibility of skin irritation caused by oils in other products that can oxidize due to exposure to high temperatures or UV radiation. Ethyl ascorbic acid is metabolized by the body as pure Vitamin C, thus retaining all the proven antioxidant benefits of Vitamin C, including protection against UV exposure, free radicals, and other environmental aggressors. Skin brightening is one of the most desired effects of Vitamin C. Clinical tests have concluded that products containing ethyl ascorbic acid can help brighten the skin and even out skin tone. Ethyl ascorbic acid helps prevent visible skin damage by protecting the skin against exposure to unfiltered ultraviolet light from the sun. 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid supports collagen production, which significantly improves the structure of skin cells and the overall condition of the skin. Collagen works to minimize visible signs of aging, including wrinkles and fine lines, and helps maintain smooth, supple, and healthy skin. Research concludes that 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid inhibits edema formation. Vitamin C helps fight inflammatory acne lesions and minimize post-acne redness and scarring.

 

Collagen

Collagen is an essential component of the skin. It plays a role in strengthening the skin and can also benefit elasticity and hydration. As you age, your body produces less collagen, which causes the skin to dry out and wrinkles to form, and this happens sooner than you might think. Collagen can increase skin elasticity, reduce visible wrinkles, and increase blood flow to the skin. Collagen prevents our skin from sagging, giving us a plump and youthful appearance.

 

Copper Peptide

Peptides are excellent moisturizers and can support collagen production, which reduces fine lines and wrinkles. Research has shown that copper peptide stimulates collagen and elastin production in your skin. It also acts as an antioxidant and supports the production of glycosaminoglycans (such as hyaluronic acid). In addition to increased collagen production, copper peptides are said to help increase elastin proteins. This can help create firmer and smoother skin.

 

AHA/Alpha Hydroxy Acid

Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are acids derived from plants or synthetically produced, used in various skincare products. AHAs are water-soluble acids made from sugary fruits. They help exfoliate the surface of your skin, allowing for new, more evenly pigmented skin cells to form and take their place. After use, you will notice that your skin feels smoother to the touch. AHAs are primarily used to exfoliate your skin. In fact, this is the basis for all other benefits AHAs offer. Exfoliation refers to a process where surface skin cells are shed. This helps clear away dead skin cells while also leading to new skin cell formation. As you age, your natural skin cell turnover slows down, which can lead to the buildup of dead skin cells. When you have too many dead skin cells, they can accumulate and cause your skin to look dull. A buildup of dead skin cells can also exacerbate other underlying skin issues such as: wrinkles, age spots, and acne.

AHA

AHA exfoliates your skin, and the new skin that emerges underneath is brighter and more radiant. AHAs are effective on fine lines and wrinkles. Long-term use of AHAs promotes a more even skin tone by removing old, discolored skin cells. In addition to their distinct benefits, AHAs can increase the absorption of your existing products, allowing them to work better. AHAs can reduce the size of enlarged pores commonly seen in acne-prone skin. Skin cell turnover from exfoliating glycolic and lactic acids can reduce acne scars.

BHA/Beta Hydroxy Acid

BHA is an abbreviation for beta hydroxy acid, also known as salicylic acid. BHA works on the skin surface and deep within the pores; it is oil-soluble, which is why it is often preferred for normal to oily skin prone to clogs, blemishes, and enlarged pores. BHAs work on the upper layers of the skin, removing dead skin cells to reveal the healthy, radiant skin hidden beneath. BHA can penetrate skin oil to clear pores and remove blockages, and exfoliate dead cells. While BHAs provide benefits for all skin types (hydration, making fine lines and wrinkles less visible, and improving firmness, skin tone, and texture), they are particularly suitable for those with normal to oily skin, clogged or enlarged pores, and breakouts.

BHA

BHAs are effective in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and improving overall skin texture. They are also used to address various skin concerns such as acne scars, blemishes, skin dryness, and wrinkles. Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs) like salicylic acid are very similar to AHAs, except for the difference in their solubility. Unlike the water-solubility of AHAs, BHAs are oil-soluble. Thanks to this property, they penetrate the skin more easily, making them more suitable for those with oily skin and large pores. In addition to the anti-inflammatory effect of BHAs (e.g., salicylic acid), they can also be used on sensitive skin because they are less irritating than AHAs.